6 questions on Discrimination in the Labour Market (AQA specification 1.6.7) from the A-Level Economics papers, 2017–2021. Every question links to the official mark scheme at the page its answer begins on.
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Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate how much a worker of Bangladeshi ethnicity earned on average in 2018, given that a White British worker earned £28 677. Give your answer to the nearest pound.
Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that the ethnic pay gap is more significant for older ethnic minority employees.
Extract E (lines 3–4) states: ‘significant pay gaps remain, even when education and occupation are taken into account, particularly for those born outside the UK.’ Using the extracts and your knowledge of economics, evaluate possible government policies to reduce the ethnic pay gap.
Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that the degree of inequality between the pay of male and female workers is falling.
Extract E (lines 22–23) states that ‘The tendency for women to participate in low-productivity sectors is now a bigger factor in their low pay than discrimination’. With the help of a diagram, explain how the difference between the marginal revenue product of male and female workers might account for the lower average earnings of women.
1.6.7 Labour Market Discrimination · 1.4.1 Production and Productivity
Extract F (lines 19–20) notes that ‘The UK Government recognises the need to raise aspirations and attainment for girls’. Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to evaluate the policies that government might use to reduce the gender pay gap.
1.6.7 Labour Market Discrimination · 1.6.2 The Supply of Labour
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