Influence upon the Supply of Labour to Different Markets — AQA Past Paper Questions

Extract E (lines 9–10) states that ‘In November 2022, 13.3% of businesses reported experiencing a shortage of workers leading to upward pressure on wages’. With the help of a diagram, explain how and to what extent a shortage of labour is likely to affect the wage in a competitive labour market.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Extract F (lines 1–2) states that ‘Charities and think tanks have called for action to reduce job insecurity, lower housing costs and increase earnings for low-paid workers.’ Using the extracts and your knowledge of economics, evaluate policies that could be used to reduce in-work poverty in the UK.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour · 1.7.2 The Problem of Poverty

Explain the determinants of the supply of labour to an industry.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Using the data in Extract A (Figure 1), calculate the number of workers doing weekly platform work in 2019 for each worker doing monthly platform work in 2019. Give your answer to two decimal places.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Explain how the data in Extract A (Figure 2) show that the incentive for workers to become self-employed increased between 2009/10 and 2018/19.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Extract B (lines 16–18) states that, ‘Gig economy defenders claim that today’s flexible labour markets offer modern workers the opportunity to move freely between jobs and this gives them more choice over their working hours.’ Assess the view that government intervention in the UK labour market is necessary to protect the interests of people who are working in the gig economy.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour · 1.6.4 Wages in Imperfect Labour Markets

Extract F (lines 18–19) states: the Government ‘could also take steps to recognise foreign qualifications, thus removing obstacles for well-qualified foreign-born workers.’ With the help of a diagram, explain how UK firms not recognising foreign qualifications may lead to some ethnic groups receiving lower pay.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that there is likely to be substantial upward pressure on the wages of care workers by 2041.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Extract E (lines 14–16) states that ‘The market economy is not going to create the jobs by itself for those workers who are most affected by the change.’ Extract F (lines 4–5) states that ‘taxing productivity-enhancing tools like robots or machines makes no economic sense.’ Use the extracts and your own knowledge of economics to evaluate whether governments should allow markets to respond freely to the opportunities and challenges presented by technological progress, without any state intervention.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour · 1.8.9 Government Intervention

Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate the mean female labour force participation rate for the five countries listed. Give your answer to one decimal place.

1.6.2 The Supply of Labour

Extract F (lines 19–20) notes that ‘The UK Government recognises the need to raise aspirations and attainment for girls’. Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to evaluate the policies that government might use to reduce the gender pay gap.

1.6.7 Labour Market Discrimination · 1.6.2 The Supply of Labour