5 questions on Technological Change (AQA specification 1.4.8) from the A-Level Economics papers, 2017–2021. Every question links to the official mark scheme at the page its answer begins on.
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Evaluate the view that technological change tends to bring industries closer to the market structure of perfect competition.
1.4.8 Technological Change · 1.5.8 The Dynamics of Competition
Extract B (lines 8–10) states: ‘many companies intentionally make it difficult to repair their products in order to increase sales. This is both economically inefficient and environmentally foolish; it imposes costs on the environment even though it may make sense for individual companies.’ With the help of a diagram, explain how the production of goods which are designed not to last long may result in market failure.
1.8.6 Market Imperfections · 1.4.8 Technological Change
Using Extract D, calculate the number of transportation and storage jobs at high risk of automation, as a percentage of those who are at high risk across all industries. Give your answer to two decimal places.
Explain how the data in Extract D show that workers employed in routine, repetitive work are at greater risk from automation.
1.4.8 Technological Change · 1.6.1 The Demand for Labour
Extract C (line 2) states that ‘Many competitors are using digital technology to drive innovation’. Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to assess whether the benefits outweigh the costs when the Government privatises organisations such as Royal Mail and opens up the market to competition.
1.4.8 Technological Change · 1.5.8 The Dynamics of Competition
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